[The psychopathological dimension of female alcoholism]. / La dimension psychopathologique de l'alcoolisme féminin.

In France, as in other countries, more and more women are affected by alcoholism. Progress needs to be made in the early detection and management of their physical and psychological dependence on alcohol, as well as their psychopathological comorbidities.

[Isolation and restraint in units for difficult patients and in psychiatric intensive care units]. / Isolement et contention en unités pour malades difficiles et en unités de soins intensifs psychiatriques.

The units for difficult patients (UMD) and the intensive psychiatric care units (Usip) are psychiatric services that are not successively sectorized, created to meet the needs of intensive care in a closed environment and sometimes of a forensic nature. These two systems are used to care for patients whose clinical condition often makes it too complex to maintain them in sector psychiatric units, and many of their operating rules differ. This is not the case for seclusion and restraint measures and the application of the law governing these measures.

[Soothing in units for difficult patients and in psychiatric intensive care units]. / Apaisement en unités pour malades difficiles et en unités de soins intensifs psychiatriques.

In the units for difficult patients (UMD) and the intensive psychiatric care units (Usip), patients whose mental pathologies have or could generate violent acts which can go as far as committing homicide are taken care of. If, during the psychiatric care of these patients, isolation and restraint measures can be put in place as a last resort, in general it is the symptomatological and behavioral appeasement of these persons that is sought in an alternative way.

[Psychological care for combatants psychotraumatized by armed conflict]. / Prises en charge psychologiques des combattants psychotraumatisés par les conflits armés.

The treatment of psychotrauma is based on two main aspects, pharmacological and psychotherapeutic, in accordance with national and international recommendations on psychotherapy, which recommend the use of different techniques, depending on the time frame of the psychotraumatic event or events. The principles of psychological support are based on three phases: immediate, post-medical and long-term. Therapeutic patient education brings added value to the psychological care of psychotraumatized people.

[Management of patients with addictions in units for difficult patients]. / Prise en charge de patients présentant des addictions en unité pour malades difficiles.

The links between mental pathologies and violent acts, which can go as far as homicide, are a major concern for many mental health professionals. Addictive co-morbidities, which are increasingly frequent, are an additional risk factor for some of these patients to commit dangerous acts. Psychiatric and psychological care for pathological perpetrators of such violence can be provided under certain conditions in units for difficult patients, with addiction treatment if necessary.

[Units for difficult patients in the mental health care system]. / Les unités pour malades difficiles dans le dispositif de soins en santé mentale.

The links between mental pathologies and violent acts, which can go as far as homicide, are a major concern for many mental health professionals. Psychiatric and psychological care of pathological perpetrators of such violence can be carried out under certain conditions in units for difficult patients.

[Therapeutic education for patients with schizophrenia]. / L'éducation thérapeutique du patient schizophrène.

Schizophrenia is a chronic and complex mental illness with a multifactorial aetiology, resulting from the interaction between neurobiological and environmental factors. Affecting approximately 1% of the world's population, it generally appears slowly and progressively in subjects aged 15 to 25 years. The polymorphic symptomatology is a source of disability and often of social maladjustment, which implies the implementation, if possible at an early stage, of multi-axis support in order to meet the specific needs of these patients and their families. Therapeutic patient education is one of the targeted interventions that have proven to be effective in improving the quality of life and functional prognosis of the subjects with schizophrenic disorders.

[Risks and Opportunities of Reproducing with HIV]. / L'impact psychotraumatique de la guerre en Ukraine.

The war in Ukraine is a major and long-lasting polytraumatic event which has deleterious psychological consequences on a very large number of people in the country (combatants, civilians of all ages), or outside the country. These psychological disorders can have a lasting effect on the lives of children, adolescents and adults who are direct or indirect victims.

[Units for difficult patients]. / Les unités pour malades difficiles.

The ten French units for difficult patients are secure psychiatric services which receive people suffering from mental pathologies who could have committed or have committed dangerous acts. Among the mental health structures presented in this dossier, the units for difficult patients are those which admit prisoners with psychological disorders and problems of dangerousness for the longest period of time. As fully-fledged care facilities, they offer intensive and multi-professional care.

[Psychiatric intensive care units]. / Les unités de soins intensifs psychiatriques.

The intensive psychiatric care units are intermediate health structures between the sector psychiatric services and the units for difficult patients. Prisoners can be treated there under article D. 398 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.

[Hysteria: history of a concept and its clinical reality]. / L'hystérie : histoire d'un concept et de sa réalité clinique.

Hysteria is one of the oldest and best known clinical terms. Its history reveals the extent to which pathological entities, some more than others, are the fruit of successive conceptions of experts, themselves undoubtedly influenced by the prevailing currents of thought of their time. From its uterine origin to its psychogenic etiology, here is the history of hysteria and its controversies. A history that belongs to that of medicine, neurology, psychiatry, psychology and psychoanalysis.

[Suicides with suicide pacts]. / Suicides avec pactes suicidaires.

In the vast majority of cases, people who commit suicide do so alone. Exceptionally, suicides can be carried out by mutual agreement between two or more people. These are called suicide pacts. The motivations and operating methods of these rare acts are multiple.

[Psychology in therapeutic patient education]. / La psychologie dans l'éducation thérapeutique du patient.

In an effort to improve the quality of life of people with chronic diseases, care practices have been enriched by therapeutic patient education (TPE). This aims at the acquisition of plural knowledge and skills by patients, which promotes optimal management of the disease on a daily basis and of the resulting changes, limiting their negative repercussions on their autonomy and well-being. The subject is placed at the heart of the system, in a position of decision and responsibility, and collaborates actively with the various healthcare stakeholders. TPE therefore involves taking into account the patient's psychological dimension, using psychology and fundamental concepts for its implementation.

[COVID-19, the psychopathological effects of the pandemic]. / Covid-19, les effets psychopathologiques de la pandémie.

The psychopathological effects of the spread of the SARS-Cov-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic are mainly related to the preventive measures imposing a lockdown on the general population: anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, depression, addictions, post-traumatic stress disorder, symptoms of psychosis, etc. More specific categories of the population have been particularly exposed to the harmful psychological impact of this epidemic: caregivers, patients receiving mental health care, patients hospitalised for COVID-19 and their families. These psychopathological effects can be observed in France, and also abroad, notably in Spain.

[Support groups, preventing violence and dangerousness]. / Groupes de parole, prévenir la violence et la dangerosité.

A support group brings together several people around a common theme. It aims to favour the expression of experiences, suffering, conflicts, problems as well as discussions about potential improvements or solutions. The themes of these supervised exchanges are varied and numerous. They might cover violent acts against oneself or others in order to lessen or prevent such violence and dangerousness. Support groups are often supervised and facilitated by psychologists, frequently accompanied by nurses when they take place within a healthcare setting.

[Court-ordered therapy, a measure for preventing reoffending]. / L'injonction de soins,une mesure pour éviter la récidive.

In France, court-ordered therapy is a measure applicable in the framework of socio-judicial supervision, created by the law of 17th June 1998 relating to the prevention and suppression of sex offences, as well as the protection of minors. Since its introduction, its indications have been extended to include other offences. By organising a triangulation of the relations between the legal and health care systems (doctors and psychologists) through the intermediary of the doctor-coordinator, this programme aims to prevent reoffending.

[Prisoners in units for difficult patients]. / Les détenus en unités pour malades difficiles.

Prisoners, on remand or convicted, can be placed for a variable amount of time in a unit for difficult patients if their pathological mental state so requires. For the most part, their therapeutic care does not depend on their status as prisoner. The treatments provided are those indicated for their psychological pathologies and their potential or known dangerousness. However, some administrative measures make a distinction between their treatment and that of non-prisoner patients placed in these secure psychiatric units.

[Paranoid delusions and homicides inside or outside the family]. / Délires paranoïaques et homicides intra ou extrafamiliaux.

Paranoia is a mental pathology which severely complicates interpersonal relationships. Its mechanisms and its delusional themes often mean that paranoid subjects have strained, or even violent relations inside and/or outside their family. These difficuIt relationships can sometimes even lead to serious assaults without causing death or more rarely result in homicides with frequent pre-incident indicators.